在安卓中使用ON CONFLICT REPLACE同步数据到SQLITE
英文原文:ANDROID LIGHTWEIGHT SYNCING TO SQLITE WITH ON CONFLICT REPLACE
最近我开发的一个功能需要从服务端获取json同步到本地的sqlite数据库,然后通知UI更新(Sqlbrite ftw)。这块的数据有一个字段叫isRead,当它为true的时候表示用户在UI上删除了它,app不再显示那条数据。
数据模型是这样的:
public class Alert {
private final String alertId;
private final String alertTitle;
private final String alertText;
private final String alertActionText;
private final String alertActionUrl;
private final Boolean isRead;
...
}
而数据库是这样的:
private static final String TABLE_CREATE_ALERTS = "CREATE TABLE "
+ ALERTS + "("
+ ALERT_ID + " text UNIQUEE, "
+ ALERT_TITLE + " text, "
+ ALERT_TEXT + " text, "
+ ALERT_ACTION_TEXT + " text, "
+ ALERT_ACTION_URL + " text, "
+ ALERT_IS_READ + " integer default 0);";
当我们相服务器发起请求之后,同步返回的Alert集合应该是这样的:
@Override
public Observable<Alert> syncAlerts(final List<Alert> alerts) {
Observable<Alert> observable = Observable.from(alerts)
.doOnNext(new Action1<Alert>() {
@Override
public void call(Alert alert) {
Cursor doesExistCursor = null;
BriteDatabase.Transaction transaction = db.newTransaction();
try {
doesExistCursor = db.query(AlertQueries.byAlertIdQuery(alert.getAlertId()));
//then the row exists and we shouldn't insert
if (doesExistCursor != null && doesExistCursor.moveToNext()) {
return;
}
ContentValues values = new AlertsContentValuesBuilder()
.withAlertId(alert.getAlertId())
.withAlertTitle(alert.getAlertTitle())
.withAlertText(alert.getAlertText())
.withActionText(alert.getActionText())
.withActionUrl(alert.getActionUrl())
.build();
db.insert(MyOpenHelper.TABLE_ALERTS, values, SQLiteDatabase.CONFLICT_IGNORE);
transaction.markSuccessful();
} finally {
transaction.end();
if (doesExistCursor != null) {
doesExistCursor.close();
}
}
}
});
return observable;
}
大体来说,这段代码查看了该Alert是否已经存在于本地数据库中,如果不是,插入之。
但是这段代码有两个缺点。
-
我们跑了两次数据库(查询和插入)
-
如果Alert已经存在,我们不会更新各个字段,但是很可能上次查询的数据已经和之前不一样了。
ON CONFLICT REPLACE
解决这两个问题的方法就是在alertId上添加ON CONFLICT REPLACE
private static final String TABLE_CREATE_ALERTS = "CREATE TABLE "
+ ALERTS + "("
+ ALERT_ID + " text UNIQUE ON CONFLICT REPLACE, "
+ ALERT_TITLE + " text, "
+ ALERT_TEXT + " text, "
+ ALERT_ACTION_TEXT + " text, "
+ ALERT_ACTION_URL + " text, "
+ ALERT_IS_READ + " integer default 0);";
然后创建一个query来使用它
private static final String ALERT_INSERT_OR_REPLACE = "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO " +
MyOpenHelper.TABLE_ALERTS +" ( " +
MyOpenHelper.ALERT_ID + " , " +
MyOpenHelper.ALERT_TITLE + " , " +
MyOpenHelper.ALERT_TEXT + " , " +
MyOpenHelper.ALERT_ACTION_TEXT + " , " +
MyOpenHelper.ALERT_ACTION_URL + " , " +
MyOpenHelper.ALERT_IS_READ + ") VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, COALESCE((SELECT " +
MyOpenHelper.ALERT_IS_READ + " FROM " +
MyOpenHelper.TABLE_ALERTS + " WHERE " +
MyOpenHelper.ALERT_ID + " = ?), 0));";
有点难懂,其实做了如下事情
-
我们使用INSERT OR REPLACE告诉数据库,如果插入有冲突则用新的值替换。
-
我们还确保了在同步的时候isRead字段不会被覆盖。我们是这样做的:查询字段当前值,如果不存在则设置一个默认的值0.
现在syncAlerts() 是这样的
@Override
public void syncAlerts(final List<Alert> alerts) {
for (Alert alert: alerts) {
BriteDatabase.Transaction transaction = db.newTransaction();
try {
db.executeAndTrigger(MyOpenHelper.TABLE_ALERTS,
ALERT_INSERT_OR_REPLACE,
alert.getAlertId(),
alert.getAlertTitle(),
alert.getAlertText(),
alert.getActionText(),
alert.getActionUrl(),
alert.getAlertId());
transaction.markSuccessful();
} catch (Exception e) {
Logger.errorNotify(e);
} finally {
transaction.end();
}
}
}
最后要注意的就是你该调用 BriteDatabase.executeAndTrigger(...)而不是BriteDatabase.execute(...)。
就这样稍微写了个复杂点的插入语句,我们就能利用Sqlite的INSERT OR REPLACE INTO 极大的简化我们的代码。