android开发

优化 Android ListView 异步加载图片

写这篇文章并不是教大家怎么样用listview异步加载图片，因为这样的文章在网上已经有很多了，比如这位仁兄写的就很好：

异步加载参考文章

我也是因为看了这篇文章而受到了启发。

先说说这篇文章的优点把，开启线程异步加载图片，然后刷新UI显示图片，而且通过弱引用缓存网络加载的图片，节省了再次连接网络的开销。

这样做无疑是非常可取的方法，但是加载图片时仍然会感觉到轻微的卡屏现象，特别是listview里的item在进行快速滑动的时候。

我找了一下原因，可能是在listview快速滑动屏幕的时候划过的item太多 而且每次调用getView方法后就会异步的在过去某个时间内用handler刷新一下UI，

如果在同一时间调用handler刷新UI次数多了就会造成这样的卡屏现象。

后来又一想，其实我们完全没有必要在listview正在滑动的时候去后台加载图片（不管这是图片是在缓存里还是在网络上），这样无疑造成了很大的资源浪费。

我们只需要在listview滑动停止之后再去加载listview里面显示的几个item里面的图片就好了。

根据以上想法，我做了一些设计改造：

1.在adapter 的 getview方法里面启动加载图片的thread，如果listview在滑动则wait

2.监听listview滑动停止事件，获得listview显示的item的最上面和最下面的序号，并唤醒所有加载图片的thread，判断加载图片的序号是否是在范围内，如果是则继续加载，如果不是则结束thread

部分代码如下：

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    if(convertView == null){
        convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.book_item_adapter, null);
    }
    BookModel model = mModels.get(position);
    convertView.setTag(position);
    ImageView iv = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.sItemIcon);
    TextView sItemTitle =  (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.sItemTitle);
    TextView sItemInfo =  (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.sItemInfo);
    sItemTitle.setText(model.book_name);
    sItemInfo.setText(model.out_book_url);
    iv.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.rc_item_bg);
    syncImageLoader.loadImage(position,model.out_book_pic,imageLoadListener);
    return  convertView;
}
SyncImageLoader.OnImageLoadListener imageLoadListener = new SyncImageLoader.OnImageLoadListener(){
    @Override
    public void onImageLoad(Integer t, Drawable drawable) {
        //BookModel model = (BookModel) getItem(t);
        View view = mListView.findViewWithTag(t);
        if(view != null){
            ImageView iv = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.sItemIcon);
            iv.setBackgroundDrawable(drawable);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onError(Integer t) {
        BookModel model = (BookModel) getItem(t);
        View view = mListView.findViewWithTag(model);
        if(view != null){
            ImageView iv = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.sItemIcon);
            iv.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.rc_item_bg);
        }
    }
};
public void loadImage(){
    int start = mListView.getFirstVisiblePosition();
    int end =mListView.getLastVisiblePosition();
    if(end >= getCount()){
        end = getCount() -1;
    }
    syncImageLoader.setLoadLimit(start, end);
    syncImageLoader.unlock();
}
AbsListView.OnScrollListener onScrollListener = new AbsListView.OnScrollListener() {
    @Override
    public void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState) {
        switch (scrollState) {
            case AbsListView.OnScrollListener.SCROLL_STATE_FLING:
                DebugUtil.debug("SCROLL_STATE_FLING");
                syncImageLoader.lock();
                break;
            case AbsListView.OnScrollListener.SCROLL_STATE_IDLE:
                DebugUtil.debug("SCROLL_STATE_IDLE");
                loadImage();
                //loadImage();
                break;
            case AbsListView.OnScrollListener.SCROLL_STATE_TOUCH_SCROLL:
                syncImageLoader.lock();
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onScroll(AbsListView view, int firstVisibleItem,
            int visibleItemCount, int totalItemCount) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    }
};

package cindy.android.test.synclistview;

Syncimageloader代码

import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Handler;
public class SyncImageLoader {
    private Object lock = new Object();
    private boolean mAllowLoad = true;
    private boolean firstLoad = true;
    private int mStartLoadLimit = 0;
    private int mStopLoadLimit = 0;
    final Handler handler = new Handler();
    private HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
    public interface OnImageLoadListener {
        public void onImageLoad(Integer t, Drawable drawable);
        public void onError(Integer t);
    }
    public void setLoadLimit(int startLoadLimit,int stopLoadLimit){
        if(startLoadLimit > stopLoadLimit){
            return;
        }
        mStartLoadLimit = startLoadLimit;
        mStopLoadLimit = stopLoadLimit;
    }
    public void restore(){
        mAllowLoad = true;
        firstLoad = true;
    }
    public void lock(){
        mAllowLoad = false;
        firstLoad = false;
    }
    public void unlock(){
        mAllowLoad = true;
        synchronized (lock) {
            lock.notifyAll();
        }
    }
    public void loadImage(Integer t, String imageUrl,
            OnImageLoadListener listener) {
        final OnImageLoadListener mListener = listener;
        final String mImageUrl = imageUrl;
        final Integer mt = t;
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                if(!mAllowLoad){
                    DebugUtil.debug("prepare to load");
                    synchronized (lock) {
                        try {
                            lock.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
                if(mAllowLoad && firstLoad){
                    loadImage(mImageUrl, mt, mListener);
                }
                if(mAllowLoad && mt <= mStopLoadLimit && mt >= mStartLoadLimit){
                    loadImage(mImageUrl, mt, mListener);
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
    private void loadImage(final String mImageUrl,final Integer mt,final OnImageLoadListener mListener){
        if (imageCache.containsKey(mImageUrl)) {
            SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(mImageUrl);
            final Drawable d = softReference.get();
            if (d != null) {
                handler.post(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        if(mAllowLoad){
                            mListener.onImageLoad(mt, d);
                        }
                    }
                });
                return;
            }
        }
        try {
            final Drawable d = loadImageFromUrl(mImageUrl);
            if(d != null){
                imageCache.put(mImageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(d));
            }
            handler.post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    if(mAllowLoad){
                        mListener.onImageLoad(mt, d);
                    }
                }
            });
        } catch (IOException e) {
            handler.post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    mListener.onError(mt);
                }
            });
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String url) throws IOException {
        DebugUtil.debug(url);
        if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
            File f = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+"/TestSyncListView/"+MD5.getMD5(url));
            if(f.exists()){
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f);
                Drawable d = Drawable.createFromStream(fis, "src");
                return d;
            }
            URL m = new URL(url);
            InputStream i = (InputStream) m.getContent();
            DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(i);
            FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(f);
            byte\[\] buffer = new byte\[1024\];
            int   byteread=0;
            while ((byteread = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                out.write(buffer, 0, byteread);
            }
            in.close();
            out.close();
            Drawable d = Drawable.createFromStream(i, "src");
            return loadImageFromUrl(url);
        }else{
            URL m = new URL(url);
            InputStream i = (InputStream) m.getContent();
            Drawable d = Drawable.createFromStream(i, "src");
            return d;
        }
    }
}

为了让大家更好的理解，我添加了源代码例子，还特地美化了一下UI

除了本身已有的弱引用缓存图片，我还添加了本地SD卡缓存图片（这两种缓存方法各有好处，如果图片经常变化建议内存缓存图片，如果是不经常修改的图片建议SD卡缓存）

TestSyncListView.rar (147.8 KB)

很多同学说在这里一直new Thread可能会造成资源浪费的问题，针对这个问题我后来又做了优化：

其实改动不大，就是把之前的new Thread改成了 Handler Looper Thread的模式，这样在第一次滑动的时候就进入了wait状态，又因为handler里面的runnable是队列执行的，所以handler一直在添加的runnable也在等待，这样就避免了多次new thread的问题，从头到尾就只有一个thread，别的不多说，看修改后的代码。

源码我就不上传了，就添加了一个类，修改了一个类：

RunInOtherThread

package cindy.android.util;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
public class RunInOtherThread {
    private static final String LOG_TAG = "RunInOtherThread";
    private LooperThread localThread = new LooperThread();
    private boolean isRunning = true;
    public Handler getHandler(){
        return localThread.getHandler();
    }
    private class LooperThread extends Thread {
        private Handler mHandler;
        public void run() {
            Looper.prepare();
            mHandler = new Handler() {
                public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                    onReceiveMessage(msg.what);
                }
            };
            Looper.loop();
        }
        Handler getHandler(){
            return mHandler;
        }
    }
    public void start(){
        localThread.start();
    }
    public void quit(){
        localThread.getHandler().getLooper().quit();
    }
    public void sendMessage(int what){
        getHandler().sendEmptyMessage(what);
    }
    public Thread getThread(){
        return localThread;
    }
    public void onReceiveMessage(int what){};
}

SyncImageLoader

package cindy.android.util;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import cindy.android.debug.DebugUtil;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Handler;
public class SyncImageLoader {
    private Object lock = new Object();
    private boolean mAllowLoad = true;
    private boolean firstLoad = true;
    private int mStartLoadLimit = 0;
    private int mStopLoadLimit = 0;
    final Handler handler = new Handler();
    private HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> imageCache = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
    RunInOtherThread runInOutherThread;
    public SyncImageLoader() {
        super();
        runInOutherThread = new RunInOtherThread();
        runInOutherThread.start();
    }
    public interface OnImageLoadListener {
        public void onImageLoad(Integer t, Drawable drawable);
        public void onError(Integer t);
    }
    public void setLoadLimit(int startLoadLimit, int stopLoadLimit) {
        if (startLoadLimit > stopLoadLimit) {
            return;
        }
        mStartLoadLimit = startLoadLimit;
        mStopLoadLimit = stopLoadLimit;
    }
    public void restore() {
        mAllowLoad = true;
        firstLoad = true;
    }
    public void lock() {
        mAllowLoad = false;
        firstLoad = false;
    }
    public void unlock() {
        mAllowLoad = true;
        synchronized (lock) {
            lock.notifyAll();
        }
    }
    public void loadImage(Integer t, String imageUrl,
            OnImageLoadListener listener) {
        final OnImageLoadListener mListener = listener;
        final String mImageUrl = imageUrl;
        final Integer mt = t;
        runInOutherThread.getHandler().post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                if (!mAllowLoad) {
                    synchronized (lock) {
                        try {
                            DebugUtil.debug("wait start.....");
                            lock.wait();
                            DebugUtil.debug("wait end.....");
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (mAllowLoad && firstLoad) {
                    loadImage(mImageUrl, mt, mListener);
                }
                if (mAllowLoad && mt <= mStopLoadLimit && mt >= mStartLoadLimit) {
                    loadImage(mImageUrl, mt, mListener);
                }
            }
        });
    }
    private void loadImage(final String mImageUrl, final Integer mt,
            final OnImageLoadListener mListener) {
        if (imageCache.containsKey(mImageUrl)) {
            SoftReference<Drawable> softReference = imageCache.get(mImageUrl);
            final Drawable d = softReference.get();
            if (d != null) {
                handler.post(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        if (mAllowLoad) {
                            mListener.onImageLoad(mt, d);
                        }
                    }
                });
                return;
            }
        }
        try {
            final Drawable d = loadImageFromUrl(mImageUrl);
            if (d != null) {
                imageCache.put(mImageUrl, new SoftReference<Drawable>(d));
            }
            handler.post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    if (mAllowLoad) {
                        mListener.onImageLoad(mt, d);
                    }
                }
            });
        } catch (IOException e) {
            handler.post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    mListener.onError(mt);
                }
            });
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static Drawable loadImageFromUrl(String url) throws IOException {
        //DebugUtil.debug(url);
        if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(
                Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
            File f = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
                    + "/TestSyncListView/" + MD5.getMD5(url));
            if (f.exists()) {
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f);
                Drawable d = Drawable.createFromStream(fis, "src");
                return d;
            }
            URL m = new URL(url);
            InputStream i = (InputStream) m.getContent();
            DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(i);
            FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(f);
            byte\[\] buffer = new byte\[1024\];
            int byteread = 0;
            while ((byteread = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                out.write(buffer, 0, byteread);
            }
            in.close();
            out.close();
            Drawable d = Drawable.createFromStream(i, "src");
            return loadImageFromUrl(url);
        } else {
            URL m = new URL(url);
            InputStream i = (InputStream) m.getContent();
            Drawable d = Drawable.createFromStream(i, "src");
            return d;
        }
    }
}
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